The sustainable development and innovation of science and technology have promoted the continuous progress of productivity. Since the industrial revolution, mechanized operation has gradually replaced human labor. Mechanical intelligence technology has become the theme of the development of the current era, which has greatly promoted the progress of human society and maintained the relative harmony of social development to a certain extent.
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With the gradual progress of mechanical intelligence technology, robots have become the right assistant in the process of human work, so underwater robots have received extensive attention. Underwater robot is a kind of robot that works in the extreme underwater. Due to the harsh and complex underwater environment, humans need to face greater risks in underwater operations, and the depth of human diving is relatively limited. In this case, underwater robot has become an important tool to assist underwater operation.
Since the launch of the first unmanned remotely operated vehicle in 1953, the underwater robot industry has developed rapidly, and China has also gradually started relevant research and development work. In 2009, the underwater robot Hailong 2, independently developed by China, arrived at the seabed pollution area accurately, and carried out image observation and measurement of hydrothermal environmental parameters. In 2012, the multifunctional underwater vehicle independently designed by China applied functional modules in the working process of the underwater vehicle, enabling the underwater vehicle to operate underwater according to various conditions.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the application functions of underwater robots are gradually improved. At present, China's underwater robots have been used in various scenarios to help employees solve problems. Its application fields can be divided into the following categories:
Assistance in the field of safety search and rescue: underwater robots are generally used in the installation or disassembly process of underwater base, detection function of smuggled goods at the bottom of the ship, search for underwater ruins or collapsed mines, maritime rescue and offshore search.
Scientific research and teaching: underwater robots are generally used to observe, study and teach the underwater environment and underwater organisms, and observe the geological conditions through the sea and under the ice.
Ship and river field: its underwater robot is generally used for hull, underwater anchor, propeller, bottom detection, etc. to ensure the safety of overseas personnel; Underwater inspection of wharf, wharf pile foundation, bridge and dam, helping overseas personnel to return to the shore smoothly.
In the field of energy industry: its underwater robot is generally used to inspect reactors and pipelines in nuclear power plants and take out detected foreign matters; Secondly, maintain the ship lock, hydropower dam and reservoir dam of the hydropower station.
Due to the risks of underwater work, the uncertainty of underwater environment and the long-term nature of water work, underwater work is facing great difficulties. Therefore, the application of underwater robots reduces the working pressure of relevant personnel and avoids safety risks. The underwater robot is equipped with real-time information to ensure the accuracy of employee information. Relatively speaking, due to the complex underwater working environment and the large underwater acoustic interference, the sensor error of the underwater robot generally exists, which is the difficulty we are facing now.
At present, great progress has been made in the research and development of underwater robots in China. With the expansion of the application scope, the underwater vehicle has a huge research and development space in the aspects of overall control, intelligent sensors, integrated positioning and navigation systems, and still has a broader development prospect in the marine and military fields.
